Urartu: The Stylish Region of Anatolia

If you think that you would be still as stylish as the present day in the pre-historic period, your ancestors are probably from the Urartu region.

Urartu is a region in Anatolia that hosted civilizations like the Kingdom of Van. The name “Urartu” comes from Ararat the Mountain which is known as the place where Noah’s ark landed after the flood.

We can see a lot of Urartu stones, earrings, necklaces, and all kinds of jewelry. They used gold, iron, and silver to create these ornaments. It seems like they did everything in style even with the lack of resources.

As a cherry on top of your holiday, visit Urartu and enjoy a great time with your loved ones.

These sites provide insights into the history and remnants of the Urartian civilization.

To reach these archaeological sites and museums, you can follow these general guidelines:

Research and Planning: Start by researching the specific sites and museums related to the Urartian civilization. Identify the ones you are interested in visiting and gather information about their locations, opening hours, and any entry requirements.

Choose a Base City: Select a base city that serves as a convenient starting point for exploring the Urartian sites. Van in Turkey and Yerevan in Armenia are common choices due to their proximity to significant Urartian sites.

Transportation: Depending on your base city and the specific sites you plan to visit, you can use a combination of transportation modes, including flights, trains, buses, or rental cars. Consult with local travel agencies, tour operators, or reliable transportation websites to determine the best options for reaching your desired destinations.

Guided Tours: Consider joining guided tours or hiring local guides at the archaeological sites. They can provide valuable information, historical context, and insights into the Urartian civilization, enhancing your overall experience.

Local Knowledge: Interact with locals, including tour guides, museum staff, and residents of the region. They can offer additional insights, suggestions, and recommendations for exploring the Urartian heritage.

Here are some general packing suggestions:

Clothing: Pack comfortable and seasonally appropriate clothing based on the weather conditions during your visit. Layered clothing is often recommended to accommodate temperature changes throughout the day. Consider packing lightweight and breathable fabrics for summer visits and warmer clothing for colder seasons.

Footwear: Choose comfortable walking shoes or hiking boots, especially if you plan to explore archaeological sites or hike in the surrounding areas. It’s important to have sturdy and supportive footwear to navigate uneven terrain.

Weather Protection: Depending on the season, pack items such as a sun hat, sunglasses, sunscreen, and insect repellent for protection against the sun, heat, and potential pests. In cooler seasons, consider bringing a waterproof jacket or umbrella.

Travel Essentials: Don’t forget to pack essential travel items like a valid passport, travel documents, local currency, necessary medications, and a first aid kit. It’s also a good idea to have a map or a reliable navigation app to help you navigate the area.

Camera and Electronics: If you enjoy photography, consider bringing a camera or smartphone with a good camera to capture the archaeological sites, landscapes, and any memorable moments during your visit. Also, pack the necessary chargers and adapters for your electronic devices.

Snacks and Water: It’s advisable to carry some snacks and a reusable water bottle to stay hydrated and energized during your visits to the archaeological sites. However, be aware of any specific regulations or restrictions regarding food and beverages at the sites.

Respectful Attire: When visiting archaeological sites or religious sites in the region, it’s important to dress modestly and respectfully. Pack appropriate attire that covers your shoulders, knees, and other parts as required by local customs and traditions.

Van (Turkey): Van is a city in eastern Turkey and serves as a gateway to many Urartian sites. It offers a range of accommodation options, including hotels, guesthouses, and boutique hotels. Many hotels in Van provide comfortable amenities and convenient access to the city’s attractions and archaeological sites.

Yerevan (Armenia): Yerevan, the capital of Armenia, is another suitable base for exploring Urartian sites. It boasts a variety of accommodation options, from luxury hotels to budget-friendly guesthouses and apartments. Yerevan also offers a vibrant city atmosphere, with restaurants, cafes, and cultural attractions.

Tabriz (Iran): Tabriz, located in northwestern Iran, is another city close to Urartian sites. It offers a range of accommodation options to suit different budgets, including hotels and guesthouses. Tabriz also has its own historical and cultural attractions, providing a unique experience for visitors.

Here are some general considerations:

Weather: The weather conditions in the region can vary significantly throughout the year. Consider the climate of the specific region you plan to visit and choose a time when the weather is pleasant for outdoor exploration. Summers can be hot, particularly in eastern Turkey and Iran, while winters can be cold with potential snowfall.

High Season vs. Low Season: The high tourist season in these regions typically falls during the summer months (June to August) when the weather is warmer. This period tends to be busier with more crowds and higher accommodation prices. If you prefer fewer tourists and more affordable rates, consider visiting during the shoulder seasons (spring and autumn).

Cultural Festivals and Events: Check for any cultural festivals or events happening in the region that might align with your interests. These events can provide unique opportunities to witness local traditions, music, dance, and celebrations.

Site Accessibility: Some archaeological sites may have restricted access or limited visiting hours during certain times of the year. It’s important to check the opening hours and any seasonal closures or renovations of specific sites you plan to visit.

Personal Preferences: Consider your personal preferences and interests. Some people may prefer the vibrant atmosphere and cultural activities of the high season, while others may enjoy a quieter and more peaceful visit during the off-peak season.

Urartu, also known as the Kingdom of Urartu or the Kingdom of Van, was an ancient kingdom that existed from the 9th century BCE to the 6th century BCE. It was located in the Armenian Highlands, encompassing parts of present-day eastern Turkey, Armenia, and northwestern Iran. Here is an overview of the history of Urartu:

Rise of Urartu: The origins of Urartu can be traced back to the 13th century BCE when small states began to emerge in the region. These states gradually united under the rulers of the city of Urartu, establishing a centralized kingdom.

Expansion and Territorial Control: During the 9th and 8th centuries BCE, Urartu expanded its territory through military conquests. It established control over vast regions, including the Armenian Highlands, Lake Van Basin, parts of Mesopotamia, and the southern Caucasus.

Capital and Administration: The capital of Urartu was the city of Tushpa (later renamed Van) located near Lake Van. The kingdom developed a sophisticated administrative system with a central government, provincial governors, and an extensive network of fortresses and citadels.

Strong Military and Infrastructure: Urartu had a well-organized military, characterized by its use of chariots, cavalry, and fortified cities. The kingdom also built impressive infrastructure, including irrigation systems, canals, and roads to support agriculture, trade, and communication.

Cultural and Architectural Achievements: Urartu is known for its distinct artistic and architectural style. The kingdom built monumental structures, including palaces, temples, and fortresses, with intricate stone carvings and reliefs depicting scenes from daily life, mythology, and religious beliefs.

Decline and Fall: The decline of Urartu began in the 7th century BCE due to a combination of factors, including external invasions, internal conflicts, and natural disasters. The Assyrians and other regional powers took advantage of Urartu’s weakened state and gradually conquered its territories. By the 6th century BCE, the Kingdom of Urartu ceased to exist.

Legacy: Despite its eventual downfall, Urartu left a significant cultural and historical legacy. Its art, architecture, and inscriptions provide valuable insights into the ancient civilization of the region. The kingdom’s influence also played a role in shaping the subsequent cultures and states in the region, including the Armenian civilization.

The history of Urartu is a fascinating chapter in the ancient Near East, and ongoing archaeological excavations and research continue to shed light on this enigmatic kingdom.

Urartu, an ancient kingdom in the Armenian Highlands, achieved several notable accomplishments during its existence. While the historical records of Urartu are limited, here are some of its famous firsts and greatest achievements:

Early Iron Production: Urartu is credited with being one of the earliest civilizations to develop advanced iron production techniques. Iron became a significant material for weaponry and tools during the Urartian period, giving them a military advantage over neighboring civilizations.

Monumental Architecture: Urartu was known for its impressive architectural achievements. The kingdom constructed massive fortified cities, palaces, temples, and tombs. One of the most famous examples is the Van Fortress (Tushpa), which served as the capital and is now a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Hydraulic Engineering: Urartians excelled in hydraulic engineering, constructing extensive irrigation systems, canals, and reservoirs. These advancements allowed for efficient agricultural practices, enabling the cultivation of crops and supporting the kingdom’s population.

Military Innovations: Urartu developed a formidable military, incorporating chariots and cavalry into their forces. Their well-fortified cities and defensive structures demonstrated their military prowess, contributing to their territorial expansion and defense against rival powers.

Trade and Cultural Exchange: As a regional power, Urartu fostered trade and cultural exchange with neighboring civilizations. It had extensive trade networks that allowed for the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultural influences with Assyria, Anatolia, and the Caucasus region.

Hieroglyphic Script: Urartu developed its own writing system known as Urartian hieroglyphs. These symbols were used for inscriptions on monumental structures, providing valuable insights into the language, religion, and administration of the kingdom.

Artistic and Metalworking Excellence: Urartian artistry was characterized by intricate stone carvings, metalwork, and pottery. They produced beautiful jewelry, bronze sculptures, and ornamental objects showcasing their artistic skills and craftsmanship.

Urban Planning and Administrative Systems: Urartu implemented sophisticated urban planning and administrative systems. They established well-organized cities with central palaces, temples, and administrative buildings, demonstrating a level of centralization and governance.

Urartu, an ancient kingdom that existed from the 9th to the 6th century BCE, encompassed a vast territory in the Armenian Highlands. Although many of its historical sites are now in ruins, there are several notable places associated with Urartu:

Van Fortress (Tushpa): Located in modern-day Van, Turkey, the Van Fortress was the capital of Urartu. It is an impressive fortified complex built on a rocky outcrop overlooking Lake Van. The fortress contains several monumental structures, including the ruins of a palace, temples, and defensive walls.

Erebuni Fortress: Situated in present-day Yerevan, Armenia, the Erebuni Fortress was founded by Urartian King Argishti I in 782 BCE. It served as an administrative and military center for the kingdom and is considered one of the earliest known examples of a planned urban settlement.

Armavir: Located near the modern city of Armavir in Armenia, the ancient site of Armavir was an important religious and cultural center in Urartu. Excavations have revealed the remains of temples, palaces, and fortifications.

Bastam Citadel: Bastam Citadel, located near the city of Maku in Iran, was a strategic fortress and a regional administrative center of Urartu. The site contains the ruins of palaces, temples, and defensive walls.

Toprakkale: Situated near the city of Adilcevaz in Turkey, Toprakkale was an Urartian citadel. It features well-preserved fortification walls, towers, and other structures.

Karmir Blur: Located in Yerevan, Armenia, Karmir Blur is an archaeological site associated with Urartu. It contains the ruins of a fortress and burial ground with rich archaeological finds.

Teishebaini: Teishebaini, near the city of Yerevan, was an Urartian fortress and administrative center. Excavations have revealed impressive structures, including a palace, temples, and a vast system of underground tunnels.

Altintepe: Altintepe, situated in the Erzincan Province of Turkey, was an important Urartian settlement. The site contains the remains of a fortress, residential areas, and a burial mound.

The history of Urartu is primarily known through its kings and rulers who played significant roles in shaping the kingdom. Some of the most famous figures in the history of Urartu include:

Sarduri I: Sarduri I was one of the early kings of Urartu and is credited with establishing the kingdom’s capital at Tushpa (modern-day Van, Turkey).

Argishti I: Argishti I was a prominent Urartian king who expanded the kingdom’s territory and established several cities and fortresses, including Erebuni (modern-day Yerevan, Armenia).

Menua: Menua, also known as Menuas, was a powerful king of Urartu who further expanded the kingdom’s borders and undertook extensive building projects, including the construction of the Van Fortress.

Rusa I: Rusa I was a renowned Urartian king who reigned during a period of territorial expansion and consolidation. He is known for his military campaigns and the construction of several impressive structures.

Sarduri II: Sarduri II was a notable Urartian king who ruled during a period of relative stability and prosperity. He is known for his construction projects, including the enhancement of the Van Fortress.

Rusa II: Rusa II was an influential Urartian king who implemented administrative and economic reforms. He is associated with the construction of significant buildings and fortifications.

Sarduri III: Sarduri III was a later Urartian king who faced numerous challenges from external invasions. He is known for his military campaigns and attempts to defend the kingdom.

Here are 15 of the best things to do in Urartu:

1. 1. Explore the Van Fortress: Visit the impressive Van Fortress, the capital of Urartu, and explore its ancient walls, temples, and ruins.
   2. Discover the Erebuni Fortress: Explore the Erebuni Fortress in Yerevan, Armenia, which was founded by Urartian King Argishti I and offers insights into the early days of the kingdom.
   3. Visit the Urartian Museum: Learn about Urartu’s history and artifacts at the Urartian Museum in Yerevan, which houses a collection of Urartian artifacts and exhibits.
   4. Excavations at Armavir: Visit the archaeological site of Armavir near the city of Armavir in Armenia, where ongoing excavations reveal the remnants of Urartian structures.
   5. Explore the Bastam Citadel: Discover the Bastam Citadel near Maku, Iran, which served as an important Urartian stronghold and features well-preserved structures.
   6. Discover the Toprakkale Citadel: Explore the Toprakkale Citadel near Adilcevaz, Turkey, and admire its impressive fortifications and architectural remains.
   7. Visit the Karmir Blur Site: Explore the Karmir Blur archaeological site in Yerevan, which includes the ruins of an Urartian fortress and a burial ground.
   8. Discover Teishebaini: Explore the Teishebaini archaeological site near Yerevan, where you can see the remains of an Urartian fortress and underground tunnels.
   9. Visit Altintepe: Explore the Altintepe archaeological site in Turkey, known for its well-preserved Urartian fortress and residential areas.
   10. Admire the Castle of Ayanis: Visit the Castle of Ayanis near Van, Turkey, which served as an important Urartian stronghold and offers panoramic views of the surrounding area.
   11. Discover the Fortresses of Gurpinar: Explore the fortresses of Cavustepe and Zernek near Gurpinar, Turkey, which were once important Urartian strongholds.
   12. Visit the Tushpa Archaeological Site: Explore the archaeological site of Tushpa (Van Fortress) in Van, Turkey, which was the heart of the Urartian kingdom.
   13. Discover the Urartian Rock Tombs: Visit the rock tombs of Van, such as the Hosap Castle and the Cavustepe Rock Tombs, which offer a glimpse into Urartian burial traditions.
   14. Attend Urartu-themed Festivals: Check out festivals and events in the region that celebrate the cultural heritage and history of Urartu, featuring traditional music, dance, and art.
   15. Explore Urartian Artifacts in Museums: Visit museums worldwide that display Urartian artifacts, such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg.

Here are some of the best places to visit in Urartu:

Van Fortress (Van, Turkey): The Van Fortress, also known as the Van Citadel, is one of the most significant Urartian sites. It was the capital of the Urartian kingdom and features impressive walls, gates, and ruins.

Erebuni Fortress (Yerevan, Armenia): The Erebuni Fortress, founded by Urartian King Argishti I, is located in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. It offers insights into the early days of Urartu and features well-preserved structures.

Armavir Archaeological Site (Armavir, Armenia): The Armavir archaeological site in Armenia is an ongoing excavation site that reveals the remnants of Urartian structures, including fortifications and buildings.

Bastam Citadel (Maku, Iran): Located near Maku in Iran, the Bastam Citadel is an important Urartian stronghold. It showcases well-preserved structures and offers beautiful views of the surrounding landscape.

Toprakkale Citadel (Adilcevaz, Turkey): The Toprakkale Citadel near Adilcevaz, Turkey, is an ancient Urartian fortress. It features impressive fortifications and architectural remains.

Teishebaini Archaeological Site (Yerevan, Armenia): The Teishebaini archaeological site near Yerevan showcases the ruins of an Urartian fortress and underground tunnels.

Altintepe Archaeological Site (Turkey): The Altintepe archaeological site in Turkey is known for its well-preserved Urartian fortress and residential areas.

Ayanis Castle (Van, Turkey): The Castle of Ayanis near Van served as an important Urartian stronghold. It offers panoramic views of the surrounding area and has significant historical and architectural value.

Cavustepe and Zernek Fortresses (Gurpinar, Turkey): The fortresses of Cavustepe and Zernek near Gurpinar in Turkey were once important Urartian strongholds and showcase impressive structures.

Tushpa Archaeological Site (Van, Turkey): The Tushpa archaeological site, also known as the Van Fortress, was the heart of the Urartian kingdom. It features remnants of palaces, temples, and other structures.

Here are some popular tours and itineraries that include Urartian sites:

Van and Eastern Turkey Tour: This tour typically starts in Van, Turkey, and includes visits to the Van Fortress, Cavustepe Fortress, and other ancient sites related to Urartu. It offers a comprehensive exploration of the region’s history and culture.

Armenia and Georgia Tour: This tour covers various historical and cultural sites in Armenia and Georgia, including the Erebuni Fortress in Yerevan, Armenia, which was founded by Urartian King Argishti I. It provides insights into the Urartian legacy in the region.

Eastern Anatolia and Lake Van Tour: This tour focuses on the eastern region of Turkey, including visits to the Van Fortress, Akdamar Island with its Church of the Holy Cross, and other historical sites associated with Urartu.

Ancient Kingdoms of Eastern Anatolia Tour: This tour explores the ancient civilizations of Eastern Anatolia, including the Urartians. It covers sites such as the Van Fortress, Cavustepe Fortress, and other notable archaeological sites in the region.

Customized Tours: You can also plan a customized tour with a local travel agency or guide, specifying your interest in Urartian sites. They can tailor the itinerary to include specific locations, such as the Van Fortress, Erebuni Fortress, and other archaeological sites related to Urartu.