Derinkuyu Underground City: The Magical Journey

Derinkuyu Underground City was first built for the hiding and protection needs of the first Christians that settled in the area and today it is one of the biggest underground cities of Cappadocia. 8 layers of the city are open to visitors. With very thin ladders you can go under and visit the rooms, storerooms, vaults, graves, and classes that people built centuries ago. Even though it may be creepy going 8 floors under the ground, you will be fascinated by how people were able to build such a complex living area hundreds of years ago with very scarce sources. People took into consideration the fact that it would be difficult to move animals from the lower layers, so they decided to give the first store to the animals. Other layers were used for resting, eating, and storing, and in the lowest parts there were graves. Inside the city, there are a lot of tunnels and passages to tie the different parts to each other and the ventilation is quite good. A lot of passages under the ground like a maze… Isn’t it a great inspiration for our imagination? Yes, it is!

To reach Derinkuyu Underground City, you can follow these steps:

Travel to Nevsehir: Start by reaching the city of Nevsehir, which serves as the gateway to the Cappadocia region. Nevsehir has an airport, Nevsehir Kapadokya Airport, which receives domestic flights from major cities in Turkey. Alternatively, you can travel to Nevşehir by bus or train from other parts of the country.

Arrive in Derinkuyu: From Nevsehir, you can take a local bus or arrange a private transfer to the town of Derinkuyu, where the underground city is located. The journey from Nevsehir to Derinkuyu takes approximately 30 minutes by road.

Visit Derinkuyu Underground City: Once in Derinkuyu, you can easily access the entrance to the underground city. The site is well-signposted, and there are facilities for visitors, including ticket counters and information boards. Follow the designated paths and descend into the underground levels to explore the various chambers and tunnels.

When visiting Derinkuyu Underground City, it’s important to pack appropriately to ensure a comfortable and enjoyable experience. Here are some essential items to consider packing:

Comfortable Shoes: Since you’ll be exploring underground tunnels and passages, it’s important to wear comfortable and sturdy shoes. Opt for closed-toe shoes or sneakers that provide good support and traction.

Layered Clothing: The temperature inside the underground city can be cooler compared to the outside, so it’s advisable to wear layered clothing. Bring a light jacket, sweater, or long-sleeved shirt that you can easily put on or take off as needed.

Light Backpack or Bag: Carry a small backpack or bag to keep your personal belongings, such as a water bottle, camera, sunscreen, and any other essentials. Make sure it’s lightweight and easy to carry during your exploration.

Water and Snacks: It’s a good idea to bring a bottle of water to stay hydrated throughout your visit. You may also want to pack some snacks or energy bars to keep you energized during your exploration.

Camera or Smartphone: Don’t forget to bring a camera or smartphone to capture the unique atmosphere and architecture of the underground city. There will be many photo opportunities, so having a device to document your experience is essential.

Flashlight or Headlamp: Although the underground city is illuminated, some areas may have dim lighting. Having a small flashlight or a headlamp can be useful for exploring darker corners or for examining details in underground chambers.

Cash and Identification: Carry some cash in case you need to purchase tickets or any other items at the site. Additionally, it’s always a good idea to have your identification or a photocopy of your passport with you when traveling.

Sun Protection: While the underground city itself is sheltered from direct sunlight, you’ll still need sun protection when you’re outside. Pack sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat for your time spent above ground.

Derinkuyu Underground City itself does not have accommodations within its underground chambers. However, there are several options for lodging in the surrounding area, allowing you to stay close to the underground city while enjoying the comforts of above-ground accommodation. Here are some popular places to stay near Derinkuyu Underground City:

Nevsehir: As the closest major city to Derinkuyu, Nevsehir offers a range of accommodations to suit different budgets and preferences. You can find hotels, guesthouses, and boutique cave hotels in Nevsehir city center or its surrounding areas. This option provides easy access to Derinkuyu and other attractions in the Cappadocia region.

Urgup: Another popular option is Urgup, a town located approximately 20 kilometers from Derinkuyu. Urgup is known for its charming cave hotels and boutique accommodations that offer a unique experience in cave-like rooms. It has a vibrant town center with shops, restaurants, and cultural attractions.

Goreme: Located about 30 kilometers from Derinkuyu, Goreme is a well-known tourist destination in the Cappadocia region. It offers a wide range of accommodations, including cave hotels, boutique inns, and guesthouses. Goreme is a convenient base for exploring the entire Cappadocia area, including Derinkuyu Underground City.

Ortahisar: Situated approximately 15 kilometers from Derinkuyu, Ortahisar is a charming town with a fortress and picturesque landscape. It offers a selection of boutique cave hotels and traditional accommodations, allowing you to experience the unique ambiance of Cappadocia.

Derinkuyu Underground City is located in the Cappadocia region of Turkey, which experiences a continental climate. The climate in this region is characterized by hot and dry summers and cold and snowy winters. However, when it comes to the underground city itself, the climate remains relatively stable throughout the year due to its subterranean location.

Inside the underground chambers of Derinkuyu, the temperature remains cool and constant, typically around 13 to 15 degrees Celsius (55 to 59 degrees Fahrenheit) regardless of the external weather conditions. This is due to the natural insulation provided by the underground environment. The stone walls and the depth of the city help maintain a moderate temperature.

Visitors to Derinkuyu Underground City should note that while the underground chambers provide a cool and refreshing respite from the summer heat, it is advisable to carry a light jacket or sweater, as the temperature difference between the underground and the surface can be noticeable. During winter, the underground city offers a relatively warmer environment compared to the freezing temperatures outside.

It’s important to keep in mind that the above-ground climate in the Cappadocia region can vary significantly depending on the season. Summers (June to August) are hot and dry, with temperatures often exceeding 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit). Winters (December to February) can be cold, with temperatures dropping below freezing, and snowfall is not uncommon. Spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) offer mild and pleasant temperatures, making them popular seasons for outdoor activities in the region.

The best time to visit Derinkuyu Underground City and the Cappadocia region, in general, depends on your personal preferences and the kind of experience you’re seeking. Here’s a breakdown of the different seasons to help you decide:

Spring (April to June): Spring is a popular time to visit Derinkuyu and Cappadocia. The weather is mild and pleasant, with blooming flowers and green landscapes. It’s an excellent time for outdoor activities, such as hiking and hot air balloon rides. The crowds are moderate compared to the peak tourist season.

Summer (July to August): Summers in Cappadocia can be hot and dry, with temperatures often exceeding 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit). While the underground city offers a cooler escape from the heat, exploring above ground can be challenging during the hottest hours of the day. However, if you can handle the heat, summer can still be a good time to visit, especially if you prefer fewer crowds.

Autumn (September to October): Autumn is another popular time to visit Derinkuyu and Cappadocia. The weather starts to cool down, making outdoor activities more enjoyable. The landscapes transform with vibrant autumn colors, creating picturesque views. It’s a great time for hiking, sightseeing, and enjoying the local cuisine. The tourist crowds begin to diminish compared to the peak summer season.

Winter (November to March): Winter in Cappadocia can be cold, with temperatures dropping below freezing and occasional snowfall. However, it offers a unique and enchanting experience, especially if you enjoy winter activities and want to explore the underground city in a quieter setting. The region takes on a magical appearance when covered in snow, and you may have the opportunity to see Cappadocia’s famous fairy chimneys dusted with white. Winter is also the low tourist season, so you can expect fewer crowds and potentially better deals on accommodations.

Derinkuyu Underground City is an ancient underground complex located in the Cappadocia region of central Turkey. It is one of the most remarkable underground cities in the region and holds a rich history that dates back thousands of years.

The exact origins of Derinkuyu Underground City are unclear, but it is believed to have been first excavated and used by the Hittites, an ancient Anatolian civilization, around the 14th century BCE. Over the centuries, various civilizations, including the Phrygians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, and early Christians, made use of the underground city, each contributing to its development and expansion.

The primary purpose of Derinkuyu Underground City was to provide refuge and protection during times of conflict and persecution. The region of Cappadocia was frequently invaded and occupied by different empires and tribes throughout history, and the underground cities offered a secure hiding place for the local population. They were also used as defensive strongholds, with intricate tunnel systems, ventilation shafts, and strategic features designed to confuse and deter invaders.

Derinkuyu Underground City reaches a depth of approximately 85 meters (279 feet) and consists of multiple levels, with interconnecting passages, rooms, kitchens, storage areas, and even a church. It is estimated that the city could accommodate several thousand people, along with their livestock and supplies, for extended periods.

The city’s construction is a testament to the engineering skills and resourcefulness of its builders. The tunnels and chambers were carved out of the soft volcanic rock known as tuff, using primitive tools such as picks and hammers. The passages were designed with narrow corridors, low ceilings, and small entrances to make it difficult for intruders to penetrate and navigate the city.

Derinkuyu Underground City remained in use until the Byzantine era, and some sources suggest that it was inhabited until the 12th or 13th century CE. Over time, as the region became more stable and the need for underground shelter diminished, the city was gradually abandoned and forgotten.

The rediscovery and excavation of Derinkuyu Underground City began in the 1960s, and it has since become a popular tourist attraction, providing visitors with a fascinating glimpse into the ancient past and the ingenuity of the people who once inhabited it.

Today, Derinkuyu Underground City stands as a remarkable testament to the human ability to adapt and survive in challenging environments, and it offers a captivating insight into the history and culture of the Cappadocia region.

Here are some notable firsts and greatest aspects associated with Derinkuyu:

Largest Underground City in Cappadocia: Derinkuyu Underground City is considered one of the largest and deepest underground cities in the Cappadocia region. It reaches a depth of approximately 85 meters (279 feet) and spans multiple levels, making it an architectural marvel.

Extensive Tunnel Network: The underground city features an intricate network of tunnels, passages, and rooms that are interconnected. The tunnels extend for several kilometers and are equipped with ventilation shafts, wells, and various functional areas, including living quarters, storage rooms, and even religious spaces.

Capacity to Accommodate Thousands: Derinkuyu Underground City was designed to accommodate a significant number of people and their belongings for extended periods. Estimates suggest that it could house several thousand individuals, along with their livestock and supplies, making it a remarkable feat of engineering and planning.

Defensive Features: The underground city was constructed with strategic defensive features to protect its inhabitants from invaders. These features include narrow corridors, low ceilings, small entrances, and massive stone doors that could be closed to block access and confuse potential intruders.

Engineering Marvel: The construction techniques and engineering skills demonstrated in the creation of Derinkuyu Underground City are remarkable considering the time and resources available to its builders. The entire complex was carved out of soft volcanic rock using rudimentary tools, showcasing the ingenuity and craftsmanship of ancient civilizations.

Refuge during Persecution: Derinkuyu Underground City served as a refuge for the local population during times of conflict and persecution. Its purpose was to provide shelter, safety, and a self-sustaining environment for extended periods, enabling the community to survive in times of external threats.

Preservation of Cultural Heritage: The preservation and excavation of Derinkuyu Underground City have allowed historians, archaeologists, and visitors to gain insights into the way of life, architectural techniques, and cultural practices of the ancient civilizations that once inhabited the region.

Derinkuyu Underground City itself is a historical place of great significance. However, there are also other notable historical sites and attractions in the vicinity that complement a visit to the underground city. Here are some of the historical places you can explore in and around Derinkuyu:

Kaymakli Underground City: Located near Derinkuyu, Kaymakli Underground City is another extensive and well-preserved underground city in Cappadocia. It offers a similar experience to Derinkuyu and provides further insights into the ancient underground civilizations of the region.

Goreme Open-Air Museum: Situated approximately 30 kilometers from Derinkuyu, Goreme Open-Air Museum is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its rock-cut churches and monastic complexes. It showcases the unique rock-cut architecture and Byzantine frescoes dating back to the 10th to 12th centuries.

Uchisar Castle: Uchisar Castle is a natural rock formation and fortress located in the village of Uchisar, around 20 kilometers from Derinkuyu. It offers panoramic views of the surrounding area and served as a defensive stronghold during various historical periods.

Cavusin Village: Cavusin Village is an ancient settlement known for its rock-cut dwellings and cave churches. It is located about 20 kilometers from Derinkuyu and provides a glimpse into the traditional village life and architecture of Cappadocia.

Zelve Open-Air Museum: Zelve Open-Air Museum, located approximately 30 kilometers from Derinkuyu, showcases the remnants of an ancient cave-dwelling settlement. It features rock-cut houses, churches, and monastic complexes, reflecting the unique cultural heritage of the region.

Exploring Derinkuyu Underground City offers a unique and fascinating experience. Here are 15 of the best things to do when visiting Derinkuyu Underground City:

1. Explore the Underground Tunnels: Wander through the intricate network of tunnels that make up Derinkuyu Underground City. Marvel at the engineering marvel of the interconnected chambers, passages, and staircases.
2. Visit the Living Quarters: Step into the ancient living quarters carved into the walls of the underground city. Imagine what life was like for the people who sought refuge there.
3. Admire the Ventilation System: Take a closer look at the ventilation shafts that provided fresh air to the underground city. Appreciate the clever design that allowed for proper air circulation even in the depths of the underground.
4. Discover the Underground Church: Visit the underground church within Derinkuyu. Admire the rock-cut architecture, religious symbols, and frescoes that have survived the passage of time.
5. Experience the Underground Atmosphere: Embrace the unique ambiance of being underground. Feel the coolness and silence that pervade the chambers, transporting you to a different world.
6. Learn about the History: Gain insight into the historical context of Derinkuyu Underground City. Understand its purpose as a refuge and defense mechanism during times of conflict.
7. Marvel at the Architecture: Appreciate the skill and craftsmanship involved in carving out the city from the soft volcanic rock. Admire the precision and ingenuity displayed in the construction of this underground marvel.
8. Observe the Defensive Features: Take note of the strategic features designed to protect the inhabitants, such as narrow corridors, stone doors, and hidden passages. Imagine how these features were utilized during times of danger.
9. Appreciate the Preservation Efforts: Learn about the ongoing preservation and restoration work that ensures the longevity of Derinkuyu Underground City. Understand the challenges involved in maintaining such a historic site.
10. Engage with Local Guides: Make use of the services of knowledgeable local guides who can provide detailed insights into the history and significance of Derinkuyu Underground City.
11. Capture Photographs: Capture the unique beauty and mystique of the underground city through photography. Document your journey and create lasting memories of this extraordinary place.
12. Immerse in the Underground Atmosphere: Take a moment to sit quietly and absorb the unique ambiance of the underground city. Let the surroundings transport you to another era.
13. Study the Layout: Pay attention to the layout and organization of the underground city. Try to understand how the various chambers and levels were interconnected and utilized by the inhabitants.
14. Imagine Daily Life: Envision the daily activities and routines of the people who lived in Derinkuyu Underground City. Contemplate the challenges and comforts they experienced in their underground abode.
15. Reflect on the Historical Significance: Take a moment to reflect on the historical significance of Derinkuyu Underground City. Consider its role in preserving the cultural heritage of the region and the enduring legacy it represents.

Here are some of the best places to explore within Derinkuyu Underground City:

Entrance and Access Points: Begin your journey by entering the underground city through the main entrance. Take note of the large stone doorways and passages that lead you deeper into the complex.

Central Staircase: Discover the central staircase, which connects multiple levels of the underground city. Descend or ascend the stairs to explore different sections and chambers.

Living Quarters: Explore the various carved-out living quarters within the underground city. These rooms would have served as sleeping areas and living spaces for the inhabitants. Observe the niches, stone shelves, and other features that were used for daily activities.

Ventilation Shafts: Take a closer look at the ventilation shafts that provided fresh air to the underground city. These vertical tunnels played a crucial role in maintaining air circulation and ventilation throughout the complex.

Kitchen Areas: Visit the kitchen areas where food was prepared and cooked. Look for the stone hearths, storage niches, and other remnants of the ancient cooking facilities.

Church and Religious Spaces: Explore the underground church or religious spaces within Derinkuyu Underground City. Admire the rock-cut architecture, columns, and religious symbols that remain as testaments to the spiritual practices of the past.

Water Wells and Cisterns: Take note of the wells and cisterns that were used to provide water for the inhabitants. These water sources were crucial for sustaining life within the underground city.

Storage Rooms: Visit the storage rooms where food, supplies, and other essential items were kept. These rooms were essential for ensuring the self-sufficiency of the underground community during extended periods of isolation.

Hidden Passages and Escape Routes: Keep an eye out for hidden passages and escape routes that were designed to provide additional security and alternative escape routes during times of danger.

Meeting Halls and Common Areas: Discover the meeting halls or communal spaces where gatherings and social activities may have taken place. These areas would have served as central hubs for community interaction.

Corridors and Tunnel Networks: Walk through the narrow corridors and tunnel networks that connect different sections of the underground city. Marvel at the complexity and engineering prowess involved in creating this labyrinthine structure.

Stone Doors and Security Features: Observe the massive stone doors that were used to seal off sections of the underground city for defensive purposes. These doors were designed to withstand external pressures and protect the inhabitants.

Architectural Features: Appreciate the rock-cut architectural details throughout the underground city, such as niches, carved decorations, and intricate stonework. These elements showcase the craftsmanship and artistic sensibilities of the builders.

Interconnected Levels: Explore the interconnected levels of Derinkuyu Underground City and visualize how the inhabitants would have moved between different levels and sections.

Here are some of the best Derinkuyu Underground City tours available:

Guided Underground City Tour: Join a guided tour specifically focused on exploring Derinkuyu Underground City. Knowledgeable guides will lead you through the underground tunnels, chambers, and highlights of the site, providing historical context and answering your questions along the way.

Cappadocia Underground Cities Tour: Opt for a comprehensive tour that includes multiple underground cities in the Cappadocia region, such as Derinkuyu, Kaymakli, and Ozkonak. This tour allows you to compare and contrast the different underground city structures and learn about their unique features.

Cappadocia Full-Day Tour with Underground City: Combine your visit to Derinkuyu Underground City with other prominent attractions in Cappadocia. This full-day tour typically includes visits to other historical sites, such as the Goreme Open-Air Museum, Uchisar Castle, and scenic viewpoints in the region.

Private Underground City Tour: If you prefer a more personalized experience, consider booking a private tour of Derinkuyu Underground City. This allows you to have a dedicated guide who can tailor the tour to your interests and provide a more intimate and flexible experience.

Here are some highly regarded restaurants near Derinkuyu that are known for their quality food and dining experiences:

Han Ciragan Restaurant: Located in the nearby town of Urgup, Han Ciragan Restaurant offers a cozy atmosphere and a menu featuring traditional Turkish dishes. They specialize in grilled meats, kebabs, and regional specialties.

Dimrit Cafe & Restaurant: Situated in Nevsehir, Dimrit Cafe & Restaurant offers a diverse menu with both Turkish and international cuisine. They are known for their tasty kebabs, soups, and vegetarian options.

Ziggy Cafe Restaurant: Located in Nevsehir, Ziggy Cafe Restaurant serves a mix of Turkish and Mediterranean dishes. Their menu includes grilled meats, seafood, mezes (appetizers), and vegetarian options.

Alaturka Restaurant: Situated in Urgup, Alaturka Restaurant is known for its traditional Turkish cuisine. They offer a range of dishes, including kebabs, stews, mezes, and desserts, all prepared with locally sourced ingredients.

Zeytin Cafe & Restaurant: Located in Urgup, Zeytin Cafe & Restaurant offers a cozy and relaxed setting. They serve a variety of Turkish and international dishes, including vegetarian options and homemade desserts.

Sofra Restaurant: Situated in Nevsehir, Sofra Restaurant offers a warm and inviting ambiance. They specialize in Turkish cuisine, with a focus on grilled meats, kebabs, and mezes.

Hanedan Restaurant: Located in Urgup, Hanedan Restaurant is known for its traditional Turkish dishes prepared with locally sourced ingredients. They offer a range of options, including kebabs, mezes, and regional specialties.

Seki Restaurant: Situated in Urgup, Seki Restaurant offers a panoramic view of the surrounding landscape. They serve Turkish cuisine with a contemporary twist, featuring dishes made with fresh local ingredients.