While visiting the Hagia Sophia, there are several key areas and features you should not miss:
The Nave: The central area of the Hagia Sophia is dominated by its massive dome, which measures over 30 meters in diameter. It’s a spectacular architectural feat that remains impressive even today.
The Galleries: The upper levels of the Hagia Sophia, once reserved for the empress and her court during Byzantine times, provide an excellent vantage point for observing the art and architecture of the building. The galleries are also home to some of the finest mosaics.
The Mosaics: Found in various locations throughout the Hagia Sophia, the mosaics are stunning works of art that depict religious and imperial figures. Highlights include the Deesis Mosaic, the Empress Zoe Mosaic, and the Comnenus Mosaic.
The Mihrab and Minbar: When the Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque, a mihrab (niche indicating the direction of Mecca) and minbar (pulpit) were added. These are excellent examples of Islamic art and architecture.
The Weeping Column: Also known as the Wishing Column, this column is believed to have healing properties. Many visitors place their thumb in a hole in the column and rotate it, making a wish that their thumb is moistened.
The Viking Graffiti: One of the marble parapets in the gallery is carved with runic inscriptions, believed to have been left by a Viking in the 9th century. This detail highlights the long and varied history of the Hagia Sophia.
The Imperial Gate: This was the main entrance into the building during the Byzantine period and was used only by the emperor. Above the doorway, you can see a mosaic of Emperor Leo VI bowing to Christ.
The Loge of the Empress: Located in the upper gallery, this is where the empress would have sat during services, in a separate location from the emperor.
The Large Calligraphy Panels: These round, large panels bear the names of Allah, the Prophet Muhammad, and early caliphs, created when the Hagia Sophia was converted into a mosque.
The Fountain of Sultan Mahmud I: Located in the outer courtyard, this rococo-style fountain was used for ritual purification before prayer.