Edirne: Peaceful Ottoman City

About Edirne

Edirne is an important city in Ottoman history as it served as the capital of the empire for a long time in their early period.

The city is full of historical buildings and architectural wonders of mosques such as the Old Mosque, The Mosque with Three Balconies (Uc Serefeli Camii)

But the most famous and most breathtaking of them all is the Selimiye Mosque, the masterpiece designed by Sinan the Architect. Sinan was the most famous architect of the time who also designed the Suleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul.

Edirne is a calm getaway place with its great nature and history. It is very close to Istanbul.

So if you are looking for a break from metropol hustle, Edirne is a great option for you.

In addition to its historical and architectural importance, Edirne is also known for its cultural events. One of the most notable of these is the annual Kirkpinar Oil Wrestling Festival, which is held in the city. This traditional Turkish sport dates back to the Ottoman period and is one of the oldest wrestling events in the world.

Top attractions in Edirne

How to get to Edirne?

Edirne, located in northwest Turkey, is quite accessible from various major cities in the country, particularly Istanbul. Here are a few ways you can get to Edirne:

By Car: If you’re coming from Istanbul, you can take the E80 highway (also known as the Trans-European Motorway) directly to Edirne. The journey is approximately 230 kilometers (around 143 miles) and usually takes about 2-3 hours, depending on traffic and road conditions.

By Bus: Many bus companies operate services between Istanbul and Edirne. The journey usually takes about 3-4 hours, again depending on traffic. The bus terminal in Edirne is conveniently located close to the city center.

By Train: As of the knowledge cutoff in 2021, the train service from Istanbul to Edirne had been suspended due to construction and renovation work on the railway. However, it’s expected that the service will resume once the work is completed. Please verify the current status of this service.

By Air: The nearest airport to Edirne is Istanbul’s Ataturk Airport. From the airport, you can rent a car or take a bus to Edirne.

edirne-selimiye-mosque

What to pack for Edirne?

What to pack for a trip to Edirne, Turkey largely depends on the time of year you’re planning to visit. Here’s a general list that might help:

 

1. Clothes:

Spring/Summer (April to September): Pack lightweight clothing, such as shorts, T-shirts, and summer dresses. Bring a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen to protect yourself from the sun. Don’t forget a swimsuit if you plan to visit any local pools or beaches. Despite the hot days, bring a light jacket or cardigan for cooler evenings.

Autumn/Winter (October to March): Pack warmer clothes like sweaters, long-sleeve shirts, and a heavy coat or jacket. Also consider packing gloves, a hat, and a scarf. Despite it not being extremely cold, there might be occasional snowfalls and temperatures can go below freezing, especially during January and February.

 

2. Shoes:

Comfortable walking shoes are a must, as Edirne has numerous historical and cultural sites that you’ll likely want to explore on foot. In winter, make sure your shoes are warm and water-resistant.

 

3. Accessories:

A sturdy umbrella or raincoat is useful year-round due to occasional rains.

 

4. Other Essentials:

Remember to pack your toiletries, medications, and any other personal items you may need.

A travel adapter may be necessary if your devices don’t match Turkey’s electrical socket type (Type F).

A phrasebook or translation app can be useful if you don’t speak Turkish.

If you plan to visit religious sites such as mosques, carry a scarf or shawl to cover your head (for women), and dress modestly.

 

5. Documentation:

Ensure you have all the necessary travel documents: your passport, visa (if necessary), insurance documents, driver’s license, etc.

Where to stay in Edirne?

Edirne has a variety of accommodation options to suit different travel preferences and budgets. Here are a few suggestions:

Hotel Edirne Palace: This is a comfortable, centrally located hotel within walking distance of the main historic sites, like the Selimiye Mosque.

Saray Hotel: Another centrally located hotel, Saray offers good value for the price and is also close to many major tourist attractions.

Tashan Hotel: Situated in a historic building, this hotel offers a mix of Ottoman-style charm and modern conveniences. It’s also close to the city center.

Sultan Hotel: A more budget-friendly option located near the city center and main attractions.

Selimiye Hotel: This hotel offers basic but comfortable accommodations and is also located close to the city’s major sites.

Margarita Guest House: If you’re interested in a bed and breakfast option, this guest house is a cozy, family-run establishment.

Rys Hotel & Restaurant: A bit more upscale, this hotel offers a fitness center, an outdoor pool, and an onsite restaurant.

What type of climate does Edirne have?

Edirne has a humid subtropical climate, which is characterized by hot, humid summers and cool, damp winters. Here’s what you can generally expect throughout the year:

Spring (March-May): Temperatures start to rise, and by May, they can reach up to 20-25 degrees Celsius (68-77 degrees Fahrenheit). Spring is generally a pleasant time to visit.

Summer (June – August): Summers in Edirne can be quite hot, with temperatures often exceeding 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit). July and August are usually the hottest months.

Autumn (September – November): Autumn is mild and somewhat rainy. It’s a great time to visit if you want to avoid extreme temperatures.

Winter (December – February): Winters in Edirne can be cold, with temperatures often dropping below freezing. Snowfall can occur, but it’s not usually heavy.

When is the best time to visit Edirne?

The best time to visit Edirne, Turkey, largely depends on your preferences in terms of climate and events.

Spring (April to June): This is a pleasant time to visit when the weather is mild and the city is in full bloom. It’s a good time to explore the historical sites and walk around the city without the summer heat.

Summer (July to August): If you don’t mind hot weather and want to experience the city’s cultural events, this is a good time to visit. The annual Kirkpinar Oil Wrestling Festival usually takes place in late June or early July, attracting many visitors.

Autumn (September to October): Similar to spring, autumn also offers mild temperatures and fewer tourist crowds, which can make sightseeing more enjoyable.

Winter (November to March): Winters in Edirne can be cold and rainy, sometimes with snow. It’s generally a less popular time for tourists, but if you enjoy winter scenes and fewer crowds, you might consider this time.

Top activities in Edirne

The history of Edirne

Edirne, historically known as Adrianople after the Roman Emperor Hadrian who rebuilt the city in the 2nd century AD, is one of the oldest cities in the Turkish region and has been the site of numerous significant historical events.

The Thracians originally settled the area in the Bronze Age. It was subsequently ruled by the Persians, Macedonians, Celts, and the Romans. When Emperor Hadrian rebuilt the city, he renamed it Hadrianopolis, which became Adrianople in Latin and Edirne in Turkish.

After the decline of Rome, the city became a crucial location in the Byzantine Empire. Throughout the early Middle Ages, Adrianople was a significant frontier fortress. It was briefly occupied by the Bulgars in the 8th century and became the target of several Crusader attacks during the late Middle Ages.

The city fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1369 and served as the empire’s capital until the conquest of Constantinople in 1453. As the capital, Edirne flourished and became an important cultural, artistic, and administrative center. Many beautiful mosques, including the Selimiye Mosque, were built during this period.

Despite its decline after the Ottoman capital moved to Istanbul, Edirne remained strategically important. It was the site of several significant battles, including the Battle of Adrianople in 1829 during the Russo-Turkish War and again during the Balkan Wars in 1912-1913.

During the 20th century, Edirne briefly fell under Bulgarian and Greek control after World War I but was returned to Turkish sovereignty in 1922. After a large fire in 1922 and a devastating earthquake in 1953, much of the historic city center was destroyed.

Today, Edirne is a vibrant city that pays homage to its rich history. The city’s historical sites, such as the Selimiye Mosque and the Old Mosque, have been preserved or restored and are popular tourist attractions. Despite its many trials, Edirne retains its historical significance and serves as a testament to the many civilizations that have left their mark on the region.

edirne-selimiye-interior

Famous firsts and greatest of Edirne

Edirne is well known for a number of significant historical firsts and greatest achievements, primarily relating to its rich architectural heritage and cultural traditions:

Selimiye Mosque: Designed by Mimar Sinan, the most famous architect of the Ottoman Empire, the Selimiye Mosque is one of the highest achievements of Islamic architecture. Its dome was, at the time of construction, the highest in the Ottoman Empire, surpassing even that of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul. It was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2011.

First Ottoman Capital in Europe: Edirne served as the capital of the Ottoman Empire from 1369 to 1453, before the conquest of Constantinople (Istanbul). The city played a vital role in the expansion of the empire into Europe.

Kirkpinar Oil Wrestling Festival: This annual event, held in Edirne, is one of the oldest wrestling festivals in the world. It has been held annually since 1362, predating the Ottoman Empire itself. In 2010, UNESCO recognized Kirkpinar Oil Wrestling as a heritage event of cultural significance.

Health Museum at the Bayezid II Complex: This museum in Edirne is one of the most notable health museums in the world, demonstrating the medical practices of the Ottoman era. It showcases the history of medicine and mental health treatment and is housed in a former hospital and medical school built in the late 15th century.

Architectural Heritage: Apart from the Selimiye Mosque, Edirne houses numerous other significant buildings, including the Eski Camii (Old Mosque), the Uc Serefeli Camii, and the Bayezid II Mosque. The city’s architectural heritage stands as a testament to its historical importance.

Historic Covered Bazaar (Arasta): Located near the Selimiye Mosque, the Arasta Bazaar is a traditional market area where one can find local handicrafts, traditional Turkish sweets, and other goods. It gives a glimpse into the city’s trading history.

Historical places of Edirne

Edirne, being one of the former capitals of the Ottoman Empire, is rich with historical sites. Some of the most notable include:

Selimiye Mosque: Designed by the celebrated Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan, this mosque is regarded as the pinnacle of Ottoman architecture. Its grand dome and impressive minarets dominate Edirne’s skyline. The mosque and its associated complex were recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2011.

Old Mosque (Eski Camii): This is one of the earliest Ottoman structures in Edirne, dating back to the early 15th century. Its beautiful calligraphy and simple design make it a significant attraction.

Uc Serefeli Mosque: Named for its unusual minaret with three balconies (uc serefeli means “three balconies”), this mosque dates back to the 15th century and is known for its intricate tile work and a large courtyard.

Bayezid II Kulliye Health Museum: This unique museum was once part of a medical complex built by Sultan Bayezid II. The museum offers insight into Ottoman-era medical practices and is considered one of the best health museums in the world.

Meric Bridge (Mecidiye Koprusu): Also known as the New Bridge, it was built in the mid-19th century during the reign of Sultan Abdulmecid over the Meric (Maritsa) River.

Karaagac Train Station: The historical train station located in the Karaagac neighborhood of Edirne was a notable stop on the famous Orient Express route. The station building is an architectural beauty, and it currently houses the Trakya University’s Faculty of Fine Arts and the Treaty of Lausanne Monument and Museum.

Grand Synagogue of Edirne: Restored and reopened in 2015, this synagogue is a testament to the city’s multicultural history. It was originally built in the early 20th century and is one of the largest synagogues in the Balkans.

Edirne Palace: While only ruins remain today, this palace complex was once an important administrative center of the Ottoman Empire when Edirne was the capital. Some sections like the Kum Kasri (Sand Pavilion) and the Cihannuma Kasri (Panoramic Pavilion) have been restored.

Who are the most famous people in the history of Edirne?

Edirne has been home to many significant figures throughout its history, particularly during the time it served as the capital of the Ottoman Empire. Here are a few of the most notable:

Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror (Mehmed II): Although he was born in Istanbul, Mehmed II ruled from Edirne and led the Ottoman Empire during the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, moving the Ottoman capital there from Edirne.

Mimar Sinan: Considered the greatest architect of the Ottoman Empire, Mimar Sinan designed many of the empire’s most important buildings, including the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne, his masterpiece and one of the highest achievements of Islamic architecture.

Sultan Bayezid II: This Ottoman sultan, who reigned from 1481 to 1512, is associated with significant architectural achievements in Edirne, notably the Bayezid II Kulliye, a complex that included a mosque, hospital, and medical school.

Sultan Selim II: The son of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, Selim II was the Sultan who commissioned the construction of the Selimiye Mosque, one of the most iconic landmarks of Edirne.

Sultan Murad I: He was the Ottoman Sultan who made Edirne the capital of the empire in 1365. He died in the Battle of Kosovo and was buried in a complex (kulliye) in Edirne named after him.

edirne-selimiye

The 15 best Things to do in Edirne

Here are 15 things to do in Edirne:

    1. Visit the Selimiye Mosque: This UNESCO World Heritage site is a must-visit. The mosque considered the masterpiece of architect Mimar Sinan, is impressive in its size and detail.
    2. Explore the Eski Camii (Old Mosque): This is one of the earliest Ottoman structures in Edirne, notable for its beautiful calligraphy.
    3. Check out the Uc Serefeli Mosque: This mosque is known for its unique minaret with three balconies and intricate tile work.
    4. Tour the Bayezid II Kulliye Health Museum: A fascinating place to learn about medical practices in the Ottoman era.
    5. Stroll around Saraclar Caddesi: This is a pedestrian street full of shops, cafes, and restaurants – a great place to eat, shop, and people-watch.
    6. Wander through the historic Arasta Bazaar: This traditional market is an ideal place to find local handicrafts, traditional Turkish sweets, and souvenirs.
    7. Attend the Kirkpinar Oil Wrestling Festival: If you’re visiting in summer, try to coincide with this traditional event, recognized by UNESCO.
    8. Visit the Grand Synagogue of Edirne: One of the largest synagogues in the Balkans, it speaks to the city’s multicultural past.
    9. Walk over the Meric Bridge: Take a leisurely stroll over this historic bridge, also known as the Mecidiye Koprusu, and enjoy the view of the river.
    10. Visit Karaagac Train Station: This old train station was once an important stop on the Orient Express. The building is architecturally beautiful and houses a university faculty and a museum.
    11. See the Ruins of the Edirne Palace: Although mostly in ruins, this site is worth visiting to get a sense of the grandeur of the Ottoman Empire when Edirne was its capital.
    12. Enjoy Local Cuisine: Don’t forget to try local specialties like Edirne’s famous fried liver (Edirne Cigeri), and white cheese.
    13. Visit the Macedonian Tower: This city gate is one of the remaining parts of the ancient fortifications and offers a great view of the city.
    14. Explore the Trakya University Balkan Campus: It’s worth visiting for the beautiful buildings and surrounding park.
    15. Take a Walk by the Tunca and Meric Rivers: Enjoy the peacefulness of the area, and take in the scenery.

Top things to do in Edirne

What are the best places to visit in Edirne?

Here are some of the best places to visit in Edirne:

Selimiye Mosque: This UNESCO World Heritage site is considered the masterpiece of Mimar Sinan, the most respected architect of the Ottoman Empire. It is one of the highest achievements of Islamic architecture.

Bayezid II Kulliye Health Museum: This fascinating museum gives an insight into Ottoman-era medical practices. It was part of a complex built by Sultan Bayezid II, which included a mosque, hospital, and medical school.

Eski Camii (Old Mosque): As one of the earliest Ottoman structures in Edirne, this mosque is known for its beautiful calligraphy and unique design.

Uc Serefeli Mosque: Named for its unique three-balconied minaret, this mosque is famous for its beautiful tilework and spacious courtyard.

Arasta Bazaar: Near the Selimiye Mosque, this traditional market offers a range of goods, from local handicrafts to traditional Turkish sweets.

Karaagac Train Station: This train station was a significant stop on the famous Orient Express route. It now houses the Trakya University’s Faculty of Fine Arts and the Treaty of Lausanne Monument and Museum.

Grand Synagogue of Edirne: Recently restored and reopened, this synagogue testifies to the city’s multicultural past. It’s one of the largest synagogues in the Balkans.

Edirne Palace: Even though only ruins remain today, this site is worth visiting to get an idea of the grandeur of the Ottoman Empire when Edirne was its capital.

The best Edirne tours

Historical and Architectural Tours: These guided tours focus on the city’s historic landmarks such as the Selimiye Mosque, Eski Camii (Old Mosque), Uc Serefeli Mosque, Bayezid II Kulliye Health Museum, and Edirne Palace.

Food Tours: Turkish cuisine is renowned worldwide, and Edirne has its own local specialties. A food tour could introduce you to local delights, like the city’s famous fried liver (Edirne Cigeri).

Cultural Tours: Some tours might focus on the cultural aspects of Edirne, like a visit to the Grand Synagogue, exploration of the Arasta Bazaar, or even attendance at the annual Kirkpinar Oil Wrestling Festival if your visit coincides with it.

Walking Tours: Given the compact nature of Edirne’s city center, a walking tour could be a great way to explore the city’s historical and cultural landmarks, enjoy its architecture, and soak in the local atmosphere.

Day Trips from Istanbul: If you’re based in Istanbul, you can consider a day trip to Edirne. Many tour companies offer this option, which usually includes transportation, a guide, and a visit to the main attractions.

Top tours in Edirne

Places to visit in Edirne in winter

Here are some suggestions:

Selimiye Mosque: A UNESCO World Heritage site, this mosque is considered the masterpiece of Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan. Its grand dome and impressive minarets are even more striking against a clear winter sky.

Bayezid II Kulliye Health Museum: Discover medical practices in the Ottoman era in this unique museum, which is part of a complex built by Sultan Bayezid II.

Eski Camii (Old Mosque): As one of the earliest Ottoman structures in Edirne, the mosque is notable for its beautiful calligraphy and design.

Uc Serefeli Mosque: Named for its minaret with three balconies, this mosque is famous for its intricate tilework.

Grand Synagogue of Edirne: Recently restored and reopened, this synagogue testifies to the city’s multicultural past. It’s one of the largest synagogues in the Balkans.

Arasta Bazaar: Located near the Selimiye Mosque, the bazaar offers a range of goods, from local handicrafts to traditional Turkish sweets. Even in winter, it’s a bustling and lively place to explore.

Karaagac Train Station: Once a significant stop on the Orient Express, it now houses Trakya University’s Faculty of Fine Arts and the Treaty of Lausanne Monument and Museum. A visit here would be comfortable regardless of the weather outside.

Enjoy Local Cuisine: Winter is a great time to sample hearty Turkish cuisine. Be sure to try Edirne’s famous fried liver (Edirne Cigeri) and other local specialties.

Places to visit in Edirne in summer

Here are some of the places you can visit during the summer months:

Selimiye Mosque: This UNESCO World Heritage site is considered the masterpiece of Mimar Sinan, the greatest architect of the Ottoman Empire.

Kirkpinar Oil Wrestling Festival: If your visit is in late June or early July, don’t miss this centuries-old tradition that has been recognized by UNESCO. It’s held in the Sarayici area of Edirne.

Arasta Bazaar: Next to the Selimiye Mosque, this market offers a great selection of local handicrafts, traditional Turkish sweets, and souvenirs.

Eski Camii (Old Mosque): One of the earliest Ottoman structures in Edirne, the mosque is noted for its beautiful calligraphy.

Uc Serefeli Mosque: This mosque is named for its unique minaret with three balconies, and is known for its impressive tile work.

Bayezid II Kulliye Health Museum: This fascinating museum offers insight into Ottoman-era medical practices.

Walk by the Tunca and Meric Rivers: The rivers offer a serene and beautiful setting for a walk. In the summer, outdoor cafes along the rivers are open and it’s a great place to relax.

Grand Synagogue of Edirne: Recently restored, this synagogue is a testament to the city’s multicultural history and is one of the largest synagogues in the Balkans.

Visit the Karaagac Train Station: Once a notable stop on the famous Orient Express, the station now houses a university faculty and a museum.

Enjoy Local Cuisine: Be sure to try local specialties like Edirne’s famous fried liver (Edirne Cigeri) and local cheeses.

Edirne's nightlife

Edirne may not be as famous for its nightlife as Istanbul or some of the coastal towns of Turkey, but it does offer some opportunities for evening entertainment. Keep in mind that Edirne is a university city, which means there are places where students go to hang out and have fun. Here are some options:

Local Taverns (Meyhane): Traditional Turkish taverns are a staple of nightlife in any Turkish city, and Edirne is no exception. These are great places to try local dishes and drinks and often have live Turkish music.

Cafes and Restaurants: The city has many venues that stay open late into the evening, particularly in the warmer months. You can enjoy dinner or drinks outdoors while watching the world go by. The pedestrian street Saraclar Caddesi and the riverside are popular places to find these venues.

Music and Bars: There are several bars and venues in the city where you can enjoy a range of music, from traditional Turkish tunes to more modern pop and rock. Some of these might also host live performances.

Outdoor Events: During the summer, there may be outdoor concerts, festivals, and other events taking place in the evenings.

Cultural Performances: You might find music concerts, traditional dance performances, or theatre plays happening in the city, particularly at cultural centers or during special events.

What are the traditional foods of Edirne?

Edirne, like many places in Turkey, has a rich culinary tradition with several special local dishes. Here are some of the city’s most famous foods:

Edirne Cigeri: This is the dish most associated with Edirne. It’s a pan-fried liver dish, typically served with a side of onions and bread. The liver is thinly sliced, breaded, and fried to create a unique taste and texture.

Hardaliye: This is a local beverage made from grape juice, sour cherries, and mustard seeds, and is quite unique to the region.

Tava ciger: Similar to Edirne Cigeri, this dish is prepared by pan-frying breaded lamb liver. It’s usually served with onion, parsley, and bread.

Peynir Helvasi: This is a dessert made with cheese, sugar, and semolina. It’s quite rich and typically served with tea.

Beyran: This is a breakfast soup made from mutton or lamb, and it’s a great way to start the day. It is sometimes made spicy, according to taste.

Kavala Kurabiyesi: These are almond cookies originating from Kavala, a city in Northern Greece. Edirne’s close proximity to Greece has influenced its cuisine, and these cookies are popular in the region.

Gullac: A dessert commonly served during Ramadan, gullac is a traditional Turkish dessert made from thin, flat dough layers softened with milk and sweetened with rose water and sugar, then sprinkled with pomegranate seeds and chopped nuts.

The best restaurants in Edirne

Here are some highly-rated restaurants in Edirne that were well-known at that time:

Cigeris: Known for its famous Edirne liver, a local delicacy, this restaurant is a must-try when visiting the city.

Karaagac Koftecisi: If you love meatballs, then this restaurant in Karaagac is worth a visit. It’s highly recommended for its tasty kofta.

Kofteci Arnavut: Another great place to try is kofte, a traditional Turkish meatball dish.

Edirne Tava Cigeri: As the name suggests, this restaurant specializes in the city’s famous fried liver dish.

Cigerci Ali Usta: This is another local spot known for its delicious and well-prepared liver.

Aysan Restaurant: A more upscale option, Aysan offers a diverse menu with options like steaks, pasta, and seafood.

Sardunya Cafe & Restaurant: Located near Selimiye Mosque, this restaurant offers a variety of Turkish dishes and also has a lovely outdoor seating area.

Balikci Saban: If you’re looking for seafood, this is a good choice with its location right by the Meric River.

Edirne-main

What are the most popular gifts in Edirne?

Edirne, with its rich history and culture, offers a variety of unique souvenirs and gifts that you can take home from your visit. Here are some of the most popular items:

Edirne Soap: Edirne is famous for its handmade soaps, traditionally produced with natural ingredients and available in a variety of fragrances. This makes a nice gift or keepsake from the city.

Local Handicrafts: Handmade ceramics, textiles, and other crafts from local artisans make wonderful and unique gifts.

Edirne Cigeri: If you’re visiting friends or family elsewhere in Turkey, bringing them some of Edirne’s famous fried liver (usually packed and ready for travel) would be a great gift.

Cheese: Edirne is also known for its white cheese, which makes a tasty souvenir if you can transport it properly.

Local Wines: The Thrace region, where Edirne is located, has a long history of winemaking. A bottle of local wine could make a great gift for the wine lovers in your life.

Kavala Kurabiyesi: These almond cookies are a popular sweet treat in the region, making them a delightful gift.

Handmade Brooches: Brooches with detailed artistry are another traditional handicraft available in Edirne. They are usually decorated with motifs from the Ottoman period.

Ottoman-Style Jewelry: For something a bit more extravagant, consider traditional Ottoman-style jewelry. Many pieces feature intricate designs and beautiful stones.

Traditional Turkish Tea: Turkey is known for its tea, and bringing back some for yourself or as a gift is always a good idea.

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