Hierapolis: The Portal To The Ancient Glory

Turkey has a lot to offer when it comes to history. Every corner is a monument, every hilltop is a sanctuary…

Hierapolis is one of the most amazing examples of these historical wonders of Turkey. Located in Denizli, just nearby the famous Pamukkale, Hierapolis is opening a window to the past and taking you to the glorious ancient times.

You can discover the ancient city wandering around the ruins of Greek-Roman legacy stopping by at the Roman Amphitheater, the Turkish Bath, the pool of Cleopatra, and the Necropolis.

Do you want to hear a surprise?

You can also stop by Pamukkale and see the miraculous natural wonders of travertine terraces.

You can also enjoy the thermal pools and relax.

We call this hitting two birds with one stone. What do you think?

Significant structures in Hierapolis include the large and well-preserved theatre, the Temple of Apollo, and the Plutonium, a celebrated sanctuary of Pluto, the god of the underworld. Pilgrims came from all over the Greek world to visit the sanctuary and bathe in the healing waters.

Hierapolis was also home to a significant Jewish community, and several Jewish inscriptions in Greek have been found among the ruins.

One of the most significant figures associated with Hierapolis is the apostle Philip. According to Christian tradition, Philip was martyred in Hierapolis around 80 AD. The Martyrium of St. Philip, an octagonal church that dates back to the 5th century, was built in his honor.

Today, the site is a popular destination for tourists. The terraces of Pamukkale, formed over centuries by mineral-rich thermal waters, are a natural wonder and a must-see. Also, the Hierapolis Archaeology Museum located in the former Roman baths complex offers an impressive collection of artifacts from the region.

Here are a few ways to reach Hierapolis:

By Air: The nearest airport to Hierapolis is Denizli Cardak Airport, about 65 km away. There are daily flights from Istanbul to Denizli. From the airport, you can hire a taxi or use a shuttle service to reach Hierapolis.

By Train: The Denizli train station is connected with Izmir and other major cities of Turkey. From the train station, it is about an hour’s drive to Hierapolis.

By Bus: Denizli is well connected to major cities in Turkey like Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir by a network of comfortable coach services. Once you arrive in Denizli, you can take a local bus or taxi to Pamukkale and Hierapolis.

By Car: If you’re driving, you can reach Hierapolis/Pamukkale by taking the D320 highway from Denizli.

Once you arrive in Pamukkale, Hierapolis is within easy walking distance. It’s located directly above the famous travertine terraces, and the entrance to the site includes access to both the ancient city and the terraces.

Here are some essentials you should consider packing when visiting Hierapolis:

Comfortable Shoes: Hierapolis is an archaeological site which means there will be a fair amount of walking on uneven paths. Comfortable, sturdy shoes are a must.

Sun Protection: Depending on the time of year, the sun can be quite strong in Hierapolis. Bring a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen to protect yourself from the sun.

Water: It’s essential to stay hydrated, especially if you’re visiting in the summer months when it can get quite hot. Bring a refillable water bottle.

Light Clothing: If you’re visiting in the warmer months, pack light, breathable clothing. If you’re visiting in the cooler months, layer your clothing as temperatures can vary.

Swimwear and Towel: There’s a pool in the vicinity known as the Antique Pool or Cleopatra’s Pool where you can swim among the ancient ruins for an additional fee.

Camera: The site is filled with incredible ruins and the neighboring Pamukkale is stunningly beautiful. A camera is a must to capture these moments.

Guidebook or Information: A guidebook or downloaded information about the site can help you better understand and appreciate what you’re seeing.

Hierapolis itself is an ancient city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, and doesn’t have accommodations within the archaeological site. However, the town of Pamukkale is nearby and has plenty of accommodation options. Here are a few recommendations:

Doga Thermal Health & Spa: A luxury hotel offering thermal spa facilities, an outdoor pool, and spacious rooms. It’s located a few kilometers away from Hierapolis and Pamukkale.

Richmond Pamukkale Thermal: This is a large resort with both thermal and traditional pools, multiple restaurants, and various types of rooms and suites.

Polat Thermal Hotel: Another thermal hotel option in Pamukkale with a variety of wellness and leisure facilities.

Venus Suite Hotel: This is a mid-range hotel with comfortable rooms, a pool, and a good breakfast. It offers a free shuttle to the Pamukkale site.

Bellamaritimo Hotel: A budget-friendly option with basic but clean facilities. It is within walking distance of the Hierapolis-Pamukkale site.

Melrose House Hotel: A family-run hotel with a warm atmosphere, decent rooms, and an outdoor pool.

Hierapolis is located in southwestern Turkey, near the modern city of Denizli. The region experiences a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.

The summer months (June through September) can get quite hot, with temperatures often exceeding 30°C (86°F). Winters (December through February) are milder, with daytime temperatures typically hovering around 10-15°C (50-59°F). Rainfall is more common in the winter months, though it does not typically snow.

The best time to visit Hierapolis depends on your preferences. If you want to avoid the heat and the crowds, spring (April and May) and autumn (October and November) can be ideal. The weather is usually pleasant during these months, and the site is less crowded than in the peak summer months.

It’s worth noting that the adjacent Pamukkale travertine terraces can be enjoyed year-round, whether you’re interested in seeing the mineral-rich waters flow over the white terraces in the summer or want to experience the contrast of the white terraces against a possible dusting of snow in the winter.

The best time to visit Hierapolis depends on your preferences. If you don’t mind high temperatures and want to take advantage of the longest days of the year, summer (June to August) is a good time. However, please note that this is the peak tourist season, so it could be crowded.

If you prefer more moderate temperatures and fewer tourists, spring (April and May) and autumn (September and October) are excellent times to visit. During these periods, the weather is usually comfortable for sightseeing, with daytime temperatures typically ranging from 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).

If you’re interested in visiting the nearby natural wonder of Pamukkale (which is in the same complex as Hierapolis), the terraces are most stunning in the sunlight of spring and autumn.

Hierapolis was an ancient city located on hot springs in what is now Turkey and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The name Hierapolis means “sacred city”, as it is associated with the many temples and religious structures in the city. The city is located in the region known as Phrygia, one of the oldest settlement areas in Turkey.

The exact date of the city’s founding is uncertain, but it was likely established around the 2nd century BC by the King of Pergamon. Later, it fell under Roman control and flourished, reaching its peak in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. During the Roman period, it became famous for its textiles and purple dyes.

Hierapolis was an important center for the cult of Apollo Lairbenos, which was associated with the ancient Near Eastern deity of Lavranda. The city was particularly noted for its spa and the thermal waters, believed to have healing properties. Pilgrims traveled to Hierapolis to find relief from their ailments or to find a serene death, earning Hierapolis the name “gateway to the underworld”.

The city was destroyed by earthquakes on multiple occasions, and each time it was rebuilt. After a major earthquake in 1334, the city was abandoned.

Notably, Hierapolis is also associated with early Christianity. Philip the Apostle, one of the disciples of Jesus, is said to have been martyred in the city. The site of his martyrdom is traditionally identified with a hill outside the northeastern section of the city walls, though this has not been substantiated by archaeological evidence.

In the modern era, the ruins of Hierapolis have become a significant archaeological site, with ongoing excavations revealing more about the city’s history. Some of the significant structures at the site include the large necropolis (graveyard), filled with sarcophagi, the main thoroughfare lined with columns, the Roman theatre, the Byzantine gate, and the Pluto’s Gate (Plutonium), a cave thought to be an entrance to the underworld.

Hierapolis is a historical site that has contributed much to the world’s understanding of ancient civilizations, particularly those of the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Here are some of its firsts and notable highlights:

Spa City: Hierapolis was one of the first major spa cities in the world, with people traveling from far and wide to take advantage of its thermal springs, which were believed to have healing properties.

Pluto’s Gate (Plutonium): Hierapolis is home to an ancient religious site known as Pluto’s Gate (Plutonium), once considered the entrance to the underworld in Greco-Roman mythology. It is a geographical feature caused by toxic gases that are deadly to living creatures, reinforcing its mythological status.

Theatre: The theatre of Hierapolis is one of the best preserved in Turkey. Built during the reign of Hadrian after the earthquake of 60 AD, it has a seating capacity of about 10,000. The stage building also preserves many relief scenes giving insight into the theatrical culture and decorum of the period.

Necropolis: Hierapolis has one of the most extensive and best-preserved necropolises (large ancient cemeteries) in Turkey. The wide variety of burial practices present in the necropolis provides significant insight into the funerary traditions of the period.

Martyrdom of Saint Philip: The apostle Philip is said to have been martyred in Hierapolis, making it a significant site in early Christian history. The Martyrium of St Philip, a 5th-century church built in the apostle’s honor, is an important piece of early Christian architecture.

Hierapolis Archaeology Museum: The museum, located within the ancient city, is a first of its kind as it is situated among the ancient ruins of Hierapolis and houses findings from the site and nearby locations.

World Heritage Status: Hierapolis, along with the nearby natural site of Pamukkale, was recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1988. This is a testament to the historical, cultural, and natural significance of the area.

Hierapolis Sawmill: A Roman sawmill believed to be the earliest known machine to incorporate a crank and connecting rod mechanism. This has been dated to the 3rd century AD.

Travertine Terraces of Pamukkale: Located near Hierapolis, Pamukkale (meaning ‘Cotton Castle’) is a natural site and attraction in Turkey, famous for its white travertine terraces. The mineral-rich thermal waters rising from the ground deposit a material called travertine, creating these stunning white terraces, pools, and stalactites. The site was used as a spa since the 2nd century BC.

Hierapolis, which is now a UNESCO World Heritage site along with Pamukkale, offers a rich array of historical places to visit. Here are some notable ones:

Theatre: This impressively preserved theatre was built in the 2nd century AD during the reign of Emperor Hadrian. It could accommodate up to 10,000 spectators and is adorned with various friezes depicting mythological themes.

Necropolis: The Necropolis of Hierapolis is one of the best preserved in Turkey, with over 1200 graves. It includes a variety of burial types, such as sarcophagi, house-type tombs, tumuli, and graves.

Pluto’s Gate (Plutonium): An ancient religious site known as Pluto’s Gate, is considered the entrance to the underworld in Greco-Roman mythology. The site emits toxic gases, which led to its mythological status.

Temple of Apollo: This ancient temple, dedicated to the Greek god Apollo, is associated with Pluto’s Gate. The temple stands on a fault, from which deadly vapors emanate, creating a mystic atmosphere around the sanctuary.

Frontinus Street and Gate: The main street of Hierapolis, named after the Roman proconsul Frontinus. The gate at the end of this street is a splendid arch that served as the northern entrance to the city.

Hierapolis Ancient Pool (Cleopatra’s Pool): This thermal pool was part of a Roman bath complex. Visitors can swim among ancient Roman ruins in the warm, mineral-rich waters.

Hierapolis Archaeology Museum: This museum is located in the former Roman bath and houses a large collection of artifacts from Hierapolis and nearby ancient cities. Highlights include a statue of the god Apollo, sarcophagi, and a collection of small artifacts.

Martyrium of St Philip: This octagonal structure is believed to be the site of the martyrdom of the Apostle Philip. It’s located on top of a hill outside the city and offers a fantastic view of the area.

Ancient Roman Baths: These baths used the hot springs of Hierapolis to feed the bathing complexes, the ruins of which still exist today.

Travertine Terraces of Pamukkale: Located near Hierapolis, these stunning white terraces are made from the mineral-rich thermal waters that rise from the ground.

The city of Hierapolis, located in present-day Turkey, was a significant center in antiquity, and several notable figures are associated with its history. Here are a few:

Antipater of Hierapolis: He was a philosopher of the second half of the 2nd century AD and belonged to the Stoic school. His writings primarily concern ethics.

Apollonius of Hierapolis: A Greek rhetorician from the 1st century AD. Little is known about his life, but his writings provide insight into ancient life and thought.

Papias of Hierapolis: An early Christian bishop and Apostolic Father who was associated with Hierapolis. He is known for his writings on the life of Christ and the early church, although only fragments of his work survive.

Philip the Apostle: According to tradition, Philip the Apostle was martyred in Hierapolis. His tomb is said to have been found here in the 1st century AD.

Flavius Zeuxis: A well-known physician from Hierapolis who lived during the reign of Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century AD.

1. Pamukkale Thermal Pools: These naturally formed, warm, calcium-rich terraces are an absolute must-see in Hierapolis. The unique white cascades, also known as Cotton Castle, are caused by thermal spring water that has cooled and deposited calcium.
2. Hierapolis Ancient City: Explore the ruins of the ancient city. Notable structures include the theater, the Temple of Apollo, and the Byzantine gates.
3. Hierapolis Archaeology Museum: Located within the ancient city, this museum displays a wealth of artifacts unearthed during excavations in Hierapolis and Pamukkale.
4. Cleopatra’s Pool: This is a thermal pool at the Pamukkale hot springs. It’s believed that Cleopatra herself swam here.
5. Necropolis: This large ancient cemetery contains over 1,200 tombs and is one of the best-preserved in Turkey.
6. The Ancient Theater: With a seating capacity of around 10,000, this ancient theater offers excellent views of the area and is a testament to the city’s historical grandeur.
7. The Martyrium of Saint Philip: It’s believed that Saint Philip was martyred here. The site includes a church and the ruins of an octagonal structure that was likely the Martyrium itself.
8. Frontinus Gate: This monumental entrance gate was one of the entrances to the city and dates back to Roman times.
9. The Plutonium: Known as the Gate to Hell in ancient times, this site was believed to be a portal to the underworld due to the toxic gases it emits.
10. The Antique Pool: Enjoy a warm dip in the thermal waters that are scattered with ancient ruins.
11. Agora: Visit the remains of the central marketplace and social gathering area of ancient Hierapolis.
12. Travertine Terraces: The gleaming white terraces are made from the calcium carbonate in the flowing water and offer a unique sight.
13. Byzantine Walls: Witness the ruins of these walls that once protected the city.
14. North Byzantine Gate: This gate was once the city’s northern entrance.
15. Pamukkale Natural Park: Located nearby, this park offers beautiful views, perfect for a picnic or leisurely walk.

Here are some of the best places to visit in Hierapolis:

Pamukkale Thermal Pools: A UNESCO World Heritage site, these terraces of cascading, warm, mineral-rich waters are a must-visit for any traveler.

Hierapolis Ancient City: Explore the ruins of the ancient city, which includes numerous buildings and structures such as the Temple of Apollo and the Byzantine gates.

Hierapolis Archaeology Museum: This museum houses numerous artifacts found during excavations of the ancient city and the surrounding region.

Cleopatra’s Pool: A thermal pool believed to have been a gift from Marc Antony to Cleopatra. The pool is still filled with warm water and visitors can take a dip amongst ancient ruins.

Necropolis: A significant ancient cemetery with over 1,200 graves. This is one of the best-preserved necropolises in Turkey.

The Ancient Theater: This well-preserved theater has a seating capacity of 10,000 and offers a glimpse into the entertainment of the ancient world.

The Martyrium of Saint Philip: Believed to be the site where Saint Philip was martyred, this religious site features a church and the ruins of an octagonal structure.

Frontinus Street and Gate: One of the main streets of Hierapolis in ancient times, flanked by columns and leading to the Frontinus gate, the grand entrance to the city.

The Plutonium: Known as the Gate to Hell in ancient times, it was believed to be a portal to the underworld because of the deadly mephitic gases it emits.

The Antique Pool: Another thermal pool where you can swim amidst ancient ruins.

Travertine Terraces: Don’t miss these gleaming white terraces created by mineral-rich waters.

There are many excellent tours available for visitors interested in exploring Hierapolis and its surroundings, but here are some highly recommended options:

Hierapolis and Pamukkale Full-Day Guided Tour: This tour will take you through the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Pamukkale, with its famous thermal pools, and then guide you through the ancient ruins of Hierapolis.

Hierapolis Archaeological Museum Tour: This tour focuses on the extensive collection of artifacts at the Hierapolis Archaeological Museum.

Hierapolis and Cleopatra Pool Tour: This tour provides a comprehensive look at the ancient ruins of Hierapolis and then concludes with a relaxing dip in the thermal waters of the Cleopatra Pool.

Pamukkale and Hierapolis Day Tour from Kusadasi: If you’re staying in Kusadasi, this day tour offers a convenient way to explore both Pamukkale and Hierapolis.

Hierapolis Sunset Tour: This tour lets you explore the ancient city and thermal pools of Pamukkale in the softer light of the late afternoon, concluding with a beautiful sunset.

Private Hierapolis and Pamukkale Tour: If you prefer a more personalized experience, you can opt for a private tour. This allows for a more flexible itinerary and the opportunity to explore at your own pace.