Mysia: Ally City of the Trojans

About Mysia

Mysia is an ancient region located in the northwest part of Asia Minor, or modern-day Turkey. It is situated on the southern coast of the Sea of Marmara and bordered by Bithynia to the east, Phrygia to the southeast, Lydia to the south, Aeolis to the southwest, and the Propontis (now known as the Sea of Marmara) and the Hellespont to the north.

Here are a few notable aspects of Mysia:

Historical Significance: Mysia was inhabited by several different peoples in ancient times, including the Mysians, Phrygians, Aeolians, and others. Its strategic location made it an important region in antiquity, serving as a crossroads of several major cultural and trade routes.

Cities: Mysia was home to several important ancient cities, including Pergamon (also known as Pergamum), Cyzicus, and Parium. Pergamon was particularly notable as a major center of learning and culture in the Hellenistic period, famous for its library which was said to rival the library of Alexandria.

Archaeological Significance: The region is rich in archaeological sites, with extensive ruins, particularly in the city of Pergamon. These include the Acropolis of Pergamon, the Temple of Dionysus, the Sanctuary of Demeter, the Temple of Athena, and the famous Theatre of Pergamon, among others.

Influence: Mysia has had a significant influence on history, with its cities playing crucial roles during the Hellenistic period, the Roman Empire, and the Byzantine Empire.

Today: Today, the region where Mysia once was is part of the modern-day Republic of Turkey. Many of the ancient cities of Mysia are now significant archaeological sites attracting tourists and scholars alike.

How to get to Mysia?

Mysia is an ancient region in what is now northwestern Turkey. The modern-day provinces that occupy the area of ancient Mysia include Balikesir and Bursa provinces, as well as parts of Canakkale, Manisa, and Kutahya. Here’s how you can get to this region:

By Air:

The closest major airport to this region is Istanbul Airport (IST), which is one of the largest airports in the world and is serviced by numerous international airlines. From Istanbul, you can take a domestic flight to smaller airports closer to the region, such as Bursa Yenisehir Airport (YEI) or Balikesir Koca Seyit Airport (EDO).

By Train:

Turkey has an extensive railway network. The Turkish State Railways (TCDD) operates passenger train services from Istanbul to several cities in the region.

By Car:

If you prefer to drive, you can rent a car at Istanbul Airport and drive to the region. The distance from Istanbul to Bursa is about 240 km and the journey usually takes around 3-4 hours, depending on traffic and the exact destination.

By Bus:

Turkey also has a well-developed intercity bus network. Several companies operate services from Istanbul to cities in this region.

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What to pack for Mysia?

The region of Mysia, now part of modern Turkey, experiences a climate that is a blend of Mediterranean and continental, with hot summers and cold winters. The packing list can vary depending on the time of year you plan to visit.

General Items:

Comfortable Shoes: There are many archaeological sites in this region that will involve a fair amount of walking, often on uneven surfaces.

Sun Protection: A hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen are crucial to protect yourself from the sun, especially in the summer.

Reusable Water Bottle: Staying hydrated is essential, especially during the warmer months.

Travel Adaptor: Turkey uses type F power outlets, and the standard voltage is 220 V.

Travel Guide and Map: These can be beneficial for getting to know the area, its history, and the places you wish to visit.

For Summer (June – August):

Light clothing made of breathable fabric.

A light jacket or sweater for cooler evenings.

For Winter (December – February):

Warm clothing, including a coat, gloves, and a hat.

Waterproof shoes in case of rain or snow.

For Spring and Fall:

Layers are key as temperatures can fluctuate.

A light jacket or sweater for cooler evenings.

In addition, you might want to pack a swimsuit if you plan to visit the Aegean or Marmara Sea coastal areas. Also, remember to pack any necessary personal items and toiletries, and don’t forget essential travel documents like your passport, ID, and travel insurance.

Where to stay in Mysia?

Mysia is an ancient region, and the cities within its historical boundaries are now part of modern-day Turkey. There are several cities in this area that offer a range of accommodation options, from luxury hotels to budget-friendly hostels and guesthouses. Here are a few suggestions:

Bursa: As one of the largest cities in the region, Bursa offers a wide range of accommodations. It’s also a city rich in history, with attractions like the Grand Mosque, Bursa Citadel, and several historic markets. Bursa is also known for its thermal baths, so you might consider staying in a thermal hotel for a unique experience.

Balikesir: This city is a good base for exploring the ancient sites in the region. It has various accommodation options to suit different budgets.

Canakkale: This city is located on the Dardanelles strait, near the ancient city of Troy. It has a range of hotels, and its location makes it a good base for exploring both the ancient sites and the Gallipoli Peninsula.

Edremit: This town, located near the Aegean Sea, is a good choice if you prefer a coastal location. It offers various resorts, hotels, and guesthouses.

Bandirma: Situated on the Sea of Marmara, this city offers a variety of accommodations and is a good base for exploring the northern part of the Mysia region.

What type of climate does Mysia have?

Mysia, an ancient region located in the northwest part of modern-day Turkey, experiences a climate that is a blend of Mediterranean and continental.

Summers (June to August) in this region are typically hot and dry, with temperatures often reaching 30°C (86°F) or more. However, the coastal areas benefit from cooling sea breezes.

Winters (December to February) are cold and can be quite wet, especially in the coastal areas. Inland areas may even see some snowfall. Winter temperatures can vary greatly but often hover around 5°C (41°F) and can drop below freezing at night.

Spring (March to May) and Autumn (September to November) are generally mild and can be a good time to visit, especially for outdoor activities and sightseeing. However, rainfall can still occur during these periods, so it’s advisable to check the forecast and pack accordingly.

When is the best time to visit Mysia?

Mysia, an ancient region located in the northwest part of modern-day Turkey, experiences a climate that is a blend of Mediterranean and continental. Determining the best time to visit depends on your preferences and what you plan to do during your stay.

Spring (March to May): The weather during this period is usually mild, and the landscape is lush and green. It’s a great time for outdoor activities like hiking and sightseeing.

Summer (June to August): Summers can be quite hot, especially inland. However, this is the best time to visit if you’re interested in swimming and enjoying the beaches along the Aegean and Marmara coasts.

Autumn (September to November): Similar to spring, the autumn months offer comfortable temperatures and are a good time for outdoor activities. Additionally, this is the harvest season for many local products, making it a great time to enjoy local cuisine.

Winter (December to February): Winters can be cold and rainy, and some areas may even see snow. However, this is also the low tourist season, so you’ll find fewer crowds at popular sites.

Top activities in Mysia

The history of Mysia

Mysia was an ancient region located in the northwest part of what is now modern-day Turkey, on the southern coast of the Sea of Marmara. It was named after the Mysi, a Thracian tribe that migrated to the region from the Balkans. Mysia is known to have been settled from at least the Bronze Age, with archaeological evidence of habitation dating back to around 3500 BC.

In the 12th century BC, after the fall of the Hittite Empire, the region was invaded by Phrygians from the west and was later occupied by the Lydians. During this period, Mysia was on the periphery of several major ancient civilizations, including the Hittites, Phrygians, and Lydians, and was influenced by each of them in turn.

The Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great conquered Mysia in the mid-6th century BC, and it remained under Persian control until it was conquered by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. After the death of Alexander, Mysia became part of the realm of Lysimachus, one of Alexander’s generals, and later became part of the Seleucid Empire.

The region was later incorporated into the Roman province of Asia in the late 2nd century BC. During the Roman period, the region was known for its fertile land and was a significant source of grain for the empire. The region continued to be a part of the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire, until the 14th century when it was taken over by the Ottoman Turks.

Today, the ancient region of Mysia corresponds to the modern Turkish provinces of Balıkesir and Bursa in the north and part of the province of Çanakkale in the south. The region is rich in archaeological sites, including the ancient cities of Pergamum (modern-day Bergama), Cyzicus (near modern-day Erdek), and Troy (near modern-day Truva), among others.

Pergamon

Famous firsts and greatest of Mysia

Mysia, an ancient region located in modern-day northwestern Turkey, was home to several significant cities and has numerous historical highlights. Here are some of the notable “firsts” and greatest achievements associated with the region:

City of Pergamum (Pergamon): One of the greatest cities of Mysia, Pergamum was a significant center of culture and learning in the Hellenistic period. Its library was considered one of the greatest in the ancient world, second only to the Library of Alexandria.

Galen of Pergamum: A prominent physician and philosopher of the Roman Empire, Galen was born in Pergamum. His theories dominated and influenced Western medical science for more than a thousand years.

Pergamon Altar: This monumental construction dedicated to Zeus is a masterpiece of the Hellenistic age. Now situated in the Pergamon Museum in Berlin, it’s famed for its high-relief frieze depicting the Gigantomachy (the struggle between the Gods and the Giants).

Kingdom of Pergamon: The Attalid dynasty transformed Pergamon into a cultural, political, and economic powerhouse during the Hellenistic period. It was a leading center for arts and sciences, attracting scholars and artists alike.

Troy: Located in the southern part of Mysia, the ancient city of Troy holds an essential place in literature and archaeology. It’s the setting of the Trojan War described in Homer’s Iliad, one of the most important events in Greek mythology.

Cyzicus: This ancient city was famed for its impressive architecture, including a temple to Hadrian deemed the “most beautiful building in the whole world” by Philo of Byzantium.

Historical places of Mysia

Mysia, an ancient region in the northwest part of modern-day Turkey, is home to several significant historical sites. Here are some of the most notable:

Pergamum (Pergamon): This ancient city, located near the modern town of Bergama, was a significant center of culture and learning in the Hellenistic period. Key sites include the Acropolis, the Theater, the Temple of Dionysus, the Sanctuary of Asclepius (also known as the Asclepion), and the ruins of the Great Altar of Zeus.

Troy: This legendary city is believed to be the setting for the Trojan War, as described in Homer’s epic poem, the Iliad. The archaeological site, near the modern town of Hisarlik, includes several layers of ruins dating from different periods of the city’s history.

Cyzicus: This ancient city, located on the southern coast of the Sea of Marmara near modern-day Erdek, was once a wealthy seaport. Key sites include the ancient theater, the Temple of Hadrian, and several early Christian structures.

Assos (Behramkale): Located on the Aegean coast, Assos was a significant center of philosophy during the time of Aristotle. The city’s Acropolis offers stunning views of the sea, and the Temple of Athena is a key highlight.

Lampsacus (Lapseki): Located near the modern town of Lapseki on the eastern side of the Dardanelles, Lampsacus was an important city in classical times, particularly known for its wine production. The ruins, although not as extensive as others, provide a glimpse into the city’s past.

troy-theatre

Who are the most famous people in the history of Mysia?

While Mysia is a region with a rich history, many of the specific individuals associated with it might not be widely known outside of academic circles. However, there are some notable figures associated with the region:

Galen of Pergamum: Galen was a physician, surgeon, and philosopher in the Roman Empire, born in the city of Pergamum in Mysia. His theories formed the basis of Western medicine for over a thousand years, and he is considered one of the most accomplished medical researchers of antiquity.

Attalus I: Attalus I was the king of Pergamon in the Hellenistic period who transformed Pergamon into a cultural, political, and economic powerhouse. His reign saw the construction of the famous Altar of Zeus, and under his leadership, Pergamon became a leading center for arts and sciences.

Aristotle: Although not born in Mysia, the famous Greek philosopher Aristotle spent time in the region’s city of Assos, where he married and opened an Academy.

Homer: The legendary author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, Homer is traditionally said to have been born in Smyrna, a city that was in the region considered part of ancient Mysia. However, his exact birthplace is a matter of debate.

Top things to do in Mysia

What are the best places to visit in Mysia?

The ancient region of Mysia, now a part of modern-day Turkey, is brimming with historical sites, natural attractions, and cultural treasures. Here are some of the must-visit places:

Pergamon: An important Greek city in Mysia, it has an impressive acropolis and was a significant center of learning in the Hellenistic period. The ruins of the Great Altar of Pergamon and the Pergamon Library are notable landmarks.

Troy: Located in the southwestern part of Mysia, the ancient city of Troy is famous for being the setting of the Trojan War described in the Iliad. The archaeological site is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Assos: Overlooking the Aegean Sea, Assos is where Aristotle once lived. The city’s ruins include a Doric-style Temple of Athena and an ancient theatre.

Cyzicus: An ancient town on the Sea of Marmara, Cyzicus has several ruins including a well-preserved ancient theatre and the Temple of Hadrian.

Lampsacus: This was once an important city of Mysia and is known for its ruins, including remnants of the ancient city walls.

The best Mysia tours

Finding the best tours in Mysia largely depends on your interests and what you would like to experience. There are various types of tours available, from historical and archaeological tours to nature and adventure tours. Here are a few suggestions:

Historical and Archaeological Tours: Many travel agencies offer guided tours of the historical cities in the Mysia region such as Pergamon, Troy, and Assos. These tours often include a knowledgeable guide who can provide detailed explanations about the history and significance of the sites.

Cultural Tours: These tours may include visits to local markets, traditional Turkish baths, and culinary experiences where you can taste regional dishes and learn about Turkish cuisine.

Nature Tours: Tours to the Uludag National Park, Kaz Daglari (Mount Ida) National Park, and Bandirma Bird Paradise National Park can give you a chance to enjoy the region’s natural beauty. These may include hiking, bird-watching, and other outdoor activities.

Gallipoli Tours: If you’re interested in military history, consider a tour to the Gallipoli Peninsula, where you can visit World War I battlefields and memorials.

Top tours in Mysia

Pergamon ( Pergamum )

Isn't it impossible to think of a world without hospitals? These days, it is surely impossible. We can thank Pergamon for this obviously, as it is the ancient city where the first healing center Asclepeion was founded. Pergamon, standing in the Aegean region of Turkey, was the capital of Kingdom of Pergamon and the heart of Roman Empire.

Izmir

Izmir is the third biggest city of Turkey, located along the Aegean shore serenaded by region’s mild weather and amazing views. The city is Izmir, with its ancient name Smyrna, was known to take its name from the Queen of Amazons which is a pretty cool fact.

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